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United Automation TM-500 Thermal Grease applied between a solid-state power controller and aluminium heatsink.

Why Thermal Grease is Mandatory for High-Power Solid-State Components

Learn why TM-500 thermal grease is essential for voltage regulators, SSRs, thyristors and power controllers to ensure safe heat dissipation.

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Do You Really Need Thermal Grease for Any High-Power, Solid-State Component Mounted to a Heatsink?

Yes. If you’re installing any high-power, solid-state component that mounts to a heatsink or metal chassis, applying thermal grease is essential. Without it, heat cannot transfer efficiently from the semiconductor to the heatsink, leading to higher operating temperatures, reduced performance, shorter component life, and even premature failure.

For United Automation products, the use of TM-500 Thermal Grease is mandatory wherever specified. Failure to apply the correct thermal interface compound during installation can lead to overheating and may invalidate the product warranty.


What Is Thermal Grease?

Thermal grease (also known as heatsink paste, thermal compound, or thermal interface material (TIM)) is a heat-conductive compound applied between a power semiconductor and its heatsink.

Although machined metal surfaces appear smooth, under a microscope they contain countless tiny air gaps. Air is a very poor conductor of heat, creating thermal resistance between the device and the heatsink.

TM-500 Thermal Grease fills these microscopic imperfections, creating an efficient thermal path that allows heat to flow away from the semiconductor.


Why Is Thermal Grease So Important?

High-power electronic devices convert electrical energy into heat during operation. Unless this heat is transferred efficiently into a heatsink, the internal semiconductor junction temperature rises rapidly.

The Physics of Heat Dissipation

Understanding why thermal grease is essential is straightforward:

1. Power Semiconductors Generate Heat

Devices such as:

  • Thyristors (SCRs)
  • TRIACs
  • Solid State Relays (SSRs)
  • Phase-angle regulators
  • DC motor controllers

all dissipate power whenever current flows.

The higher the load current, the more heat they produce.


2. Heat Must Leave the Semiconductor

Every semiconductor has a maximum safe junction temperature.

If this temperature is exceeded:

  • Electrical performance changes
  • Reliability decreases
  • Component life is shortened
  • Permanent failure can occur

3. Metal Surfaces Are Never Perfectly Flat

Even precision-machined aluminium heatsinks contain microscopic peaks and valleys.

Without thermal grease, these tiny voids trap insulating air.


4. Air Is a Poor Thermal Conductor

Air transfers heat approximately 1,000 times less effectively than aluminium.

These trapped air pockets create thermal resistance.


5. TM-500 Thermal Grease Eliminates Air Gaps

Applying a thin layer of United Automation TM-500 Thermal Grease replaces trapped air with a highly conductive interface material.

The result is:

  • Faster heat transfer
  • Lower junction temperatures
  • Cooler operation
  • Improved reliability
  • Longer service life

6. The Heatsink Can Finally Do Its Job

Once heat reaches the heatsink efficiently, it is safely dissipated into the surrounding air through natural or forced convection.

Without thermal grease, even the largest heatsink cannot perform effectively.


Why TM-500 Thermal Grease Is Required

United Automation specifies TM-500 Thermal Grease for all applicable products because it provides consistent thermal conductivity and reliable long-term performance.

Using the correct thermal interface material helps ensure:

  • Efficient heat dissipation
  • Stable operating temperatures
  • Maximum product reliability
  • Longer semiconductor lifespan
  • Compliance with installation instructions

Important: Where specified by United Automation, TM-500 Thermal Grease must be applied during installation to maintain product performance and warranty coverage. Always follow the installation instructions supplied with the product.


United Automation Products That Require TM-500 Thermal Grease

The following United Automation product ranges rely on proper thermal coupling to a heatsink or metal chassis.

1. AC Voltage Regulators & Phase-Angle Controllers

These open-frame power controllers continuously switch high currents and depend entirely on external heatsinks for cooling.

Applicable ranges include:

  • PSR Series Variable AC Phase-Angle Controllers
    • PSR-25
    • PSR-40
  • TPSR Series
    • TPSR-25
  • PAC Series
    • PAC-25

AC Voltage Regulators | Industrial AC Power Control Solutions – United Automation Ltd

These products should always be installed using TM-500 Thermal Grease between the device and heatsink.


2. Commercial Catering & Quartz Lamp Controllers

Commercial catering equipment operates for extended periods at high temperatures.

Products include:

  • QVR Series
  • QVR/S Series
  • QLC Series
    • QLC-RFI-TB-E
    • Quartz Lamp Controllers
    • Heat Dimmer Switches

These controllers are widely used in:

  • Fish & Chip shops
  • Restaurants
  • Heated food gantries
  • Food display counters
  • Catering equipment

Catering Controllers | 15A & 17A Gantry Dimmer Switches

The rear-mounted semiconductor must be securely fastened to a metal mounting plate using TM-500 Thermal Grease.


3. Solid State Relays (SSRs)

Proper solid-state relay cooling is critical.

Applicable products include:

  • LN Series
    • 15A
    • 25A
    • 40A
    • 60A+
  • LN3P Series
    • Three-phase SSRs
  • KA100 Heatsink Assemblies

Solid State Relays | Fast and Reliable Power Switching – United Automation Ltd

United Automation KA100 heatsinks are supplied with a syringe of TM-500 Thermal Grease, ensuring correct installation and optimal heat transfer.


4. Motor & Industrial Process Controllers

These products often control heavy inductive or DC loads and generate significant heat.

Applicable ranges include:

  • SSC SeriesSoft Start Controllers
  • DCM Series
    • DCM 30
    • DCM 40
    • DCM 60
  • PCE Series
    • Pulsed Coil Energisers

Soft Start Controllers | United Automation

DC Motor Controllers | Precise Industrial Motor Control – United Automation Ltd

Correct application of thermal grease helps protect these controllers from excessive operating temperatures.


5. Heavy-Duty Power Semiconductors

Industrial semiconductor modules require excellent thermal management.

Products include:

  • SCR Modules
  • Thyristor Modules
  • Dual Thyristor Blocks
  • IRK162 162A Modules

Thyristors – United Automation Ltd

These devices bolt directly onto cooling plates and must always be installed with thermal compound.


What Happens If You Don’t Use Thermal Grease?

Installing power semiconductors without thermal grease can lead to:

  • Higher junction temperatures
  • Reduced power handling capability
  • Thermal runaway
  • Premature semiconductor failure
  • Reduced controller reliability
  • Increased maintenance costs
  • Potential warranty issues

Even a high-quality heatsink cannot compensate for poor thermal contact.


Best Practice Installation Tips

To achieve the best thermal performance:

  1. Clean both mounting surfaces thoroughly.
  2. Apply a thin, even layer of TM-500 Thermal Grease.
  3. Avoid excessive amounts—more is not better.
  4. Tighten mounting screws evenly to the recommended torque.
  5. Ensure the heatsink is correctly sized for the application.
  6. Maintain adequate airflow around the heatsink.

Why Choose United Automation?

With over 60 years of British engineering expertise, United Automation designs reliable industrial power control solutions for demanding applications.

Our products are used worldwide across:

  • Industrial automation
  • HVAC heating systems
  • Commercial catering
  • Food processing
  • Process heating
  • Motor control
  • OEM equipment

Using TM-500 Thermal Grease as specified helps ensure these products deliver maximum reliability, efficiency, and service life.


Conclusion

If you’re asking, “Do I really need heatsink paste for any high-power, solid-state component that mounts to a heatsink?”, the answer is unequivocally yes.

Thermal grease is not an optional extra—it is a critical part of the thermal management system. By filling microscopic air gaps between the semiconductor and the heatsink, United Automation TM-500 Thermal Grease enables efficient heat dissipation, protects valuable power electronics, and helps maintain product warranties.

Whether you’re installing a thermal grease voltage regulator, solid-state relay, quartz lamp controller, thyristor module, or phase-angle regulator, applying the correct thermal compound is essential for long-term, reliable operation.


Explore United Automation Power Control Solutions

Learn more about our power control products and thermal management solutions:


Do I need thermal grease on a solid-state relay?

Yes. A solid-state relay mounted to a heatsink requires thermal grease to transfer heat efficiently and prevent overheating.

What happens if thermal grease is not used?

Without thermal grease, air gaps increase thermal resistance, causing higher operating temperatures, reduced reliability, and possible component failure.

Which United Automation products require TM-500 Thermal Grease?

Products including PSR, TPSR, PAC, QVR, QLC, LN Series SSRs, SSC controllers, DCM motor controllers, and SCR/thyristor modules require TM-500 when mounted to a heatsink or chassis.

Does using TM-500 Thermal Grease affect the warranty?

Yes. Where specified in the installation instructions, TM-500 Thermal Grease must be applied correctly to maintain product performance and warranty coverage.

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